如何让大家不要忽略自闭症儿子？

自闭症新闻

How Do We StopFolks from Talking Past our Nonverbal Son?

如何让人们不要在说话时忽略我不会说话的儿子？

来源：http://www.autismspeaks.org/blog ... t-our-nonverbal-son



Our son isnonverbal but understands perfectly what others are saying. How canwe help people understand this so they stop talking “around” him asif he’s not in the room. Even highly educated people like hisdoctors tend to do this. How can we help educate people?

我的儿子不会说话,但是能理解别人说的话，我们应该怎样做才能让人们说话时意识到儿子的存在，即使是教育水平高的人,比如他的医生也会在说话时忽略我儿子的存在。我们应该怎么跟别人说呢？



Today’s “GotQuestions?” answer is by Lucia Murillo, Autism Speaks assistantdirector of education research

今天的“有问题吗？”由自闭症之声教育研究助理主任LuciaMurillo来回答。



It’s commonto encounter the lack of understanding you describe. This isparticularly the case when it comes to recognizing thatcommunication is more than just speech. A person’s language abilityencompasses both “expressive” and “receptive” language.

对自闭症缺乏认识是很常见的现象，尤其是当你认识到交流不仅仅局限于讲话时，语言能力包含“表达”和“接收”两个部分。



Expressivelanguage involves communicating one’s feelings, wants and needs toothers. Receptive language is the ability to understand what othersare communicating.

表达包括与别人交流自己的感觉、需要和需求。接收指的是理解他人说话内容的能力。

Importantly – and I think this isthe point you’re struggling to convey to the people in your son’slife – a lack of expressive language does not mean that a personlacks receptive language skills. Receptive language skills varygreatly among nonverbal individuals affected by autism.

重点是，缺乏表达能力并不意味着缺乏接收能力，这也是你想要告诉别人的。自闭症患者对语言的接受能力也是因人而异的。

  I sympathize that it can bediscouraging to have to repeatedly explain this to other people. Soit’s great that you seem to welcome the opportunity to educateothers. I hope I can provide some help.

我不鼓励你一遍又一遍地跟别人解释这些，但你乐意这么做是很好的。希望我能为你提供一些帮助。



Let’s startwith a little more about expressive and receptivelanguage.

我们先来进一步了解表达和接收这两种语言能力。

Expressivelanguage – not just words

表达——不仅仅是话语



大多数人认为表达就是语言，包括词汇、短语和语法，其实表达还包括非言语的部分。我们都会运用非言语的方式进行交流，例如，手势、面部表情、目光接触、姿势和语调。

Autism caninvolve difficulty with both verbal and non-verbal expressivelanguage. However, many nonverbal individuals with autism learn touse gestures and pictures to communicate their needs andinterests.

自闭症的表达障碍可能出现在言语和非言语部分。然而，许多语言障碍患者可以学习运用手势和图片来和他人交流他们的需求和兴趣。

Receptivelanguage – understanding others

接收——理解他人




接受能力同样也包括言语和非言语部分。大多数儿童先获得接受能力。婴幼儿先学会理解他人，然后才学会运用手势和词汇。




自闭症患者理解他人的能力因人而异，这种差异使得别人很难了解你儿子的水平，甚至是专业的医生。他们可能很少接触有语言障碍的自闭症儿童，可能对语言接受能力缺乏了解。就像我们常说的，如果你认识一个自闭症患者，那你也仅仅只了解这一个自闭症患者。

Sowhile it can be frustrating to deal with this lack of understandingon a regular basis, here are some strategies to help turn theseencounters into teachable moments.

缺乏这些基本常识比较难解决，以下是对这些情况的解决办法。



1. Be calmbut direct. Politely inform those who start to talk “around” yourson that he can understand language and that you prefer that theyspeak directly to him and include him in theconversation.

1.冷静而直接。礼貌地提醒对方，孩子能理解他说的话，让他直接对孩子说话并和他交谈。



2. Create apersonal profile sheet. In it, describe your child and what youwant people to understand about him. Give this sheet toprofessionals who work regularly with your child. Keep a few handyto share, as needed, in situations as they come up in your son’sdaily life.

2.建立个人文件夹。用它介绍你的孩子，写上你想别人知道的关于他的情况。把它给经常与孩子接触的医生。手头上也可以准备一些，需要的时候递给别人，毕竟他们也是孩子生活的一部分。



3. Become anadvocate for your child – and all those with autism – in yourcommunity. Consider participating in school parent groups and othercommunity organizations where you can spread autism awareness. Helpothers understand the special strengths and challenges that comewith being on the autism spectrum.

3.为了你的孩子以及社区中其他自闭症的孩子，你要成为自闭症的宣传者。可以考虑参加学校的家长会和其他社区组织，可以向家长们宣传自闭症的知识，并帮助他人了解自闭症患者的特别之处和他们的困难。



4. Remindyourself that most people mean well. However, most won’t understandthat they’re not relating to your son appropriately unless youshare your insights. Don’t be shy about proactively addressingquestions that people might be embarrassed to ask. If you do so ina positive manner, I think you’ll be contributing to bettercommunication – for everyone involved – in the future.

4.时常提醒自己大多数人都是善意的。然而，除非你告诉他们，否则大多数人没有意识到他们和你孩子说话的方式不合适。如果你能找到合适的方式，不要因提起令他人尴尬的话题而感到羞怯，因为这将有利于以后更好的沟通。



Thanks againfor your question. Please let us know how things are going in thecomment section below or by emailing us again atgotquestions@autismspeaks.org.

再次感谢大家提出的问题。欢迎大家给我们留言或发送邮件到gotquestions@autismspeaks.org让我们知道事情的进展。



对本文的特别申明: 由于我们的医学专业知识和翻译水平有限，译文可能会有瑕疵，欢迎大家提出宝贵的意见和建议，以便帮助豆苗计划翻译小组更好地开展工作。

翻译：婉鸢      



复核：F.R*  

转自：新浪微博 @ 豆苗计划志愿者联盟关爱自闭症

http://weibo.com/p/2304186c9907250102w6zp

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