儿子行动笨拙是因为自闭症吗？

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感谢豆苗翻译小组的分享

Son Frustrated byClumsiness: Just His Autism? What Can Help?

儿子行动笨拙是因为自闭症吗？应当如何帮助他？

来源：http://www.autismspeaks.org/blog ... utism-what-can-help

Friday,February 21, 2014View Comments

2014年2月21日周五



“Our10-year-old son has high-functioning autism. He really wants toplay with other kids at recess but has a hard time catching andkicking balls. We tried soccer to

improve his skills. But he comeshome angry because he keeps missing that ball. Is his clumsinessjust a part of his autism, or is there something we can do tohelp?”

我们10岁的儿子患有高功能自闭症（维基百科：智商中等或更高的自闭症患者）。他在课间休息的时候很想和其他孩子一起玩，但一直学不会接球和踢球。我们曾尝试用足球提高他的技巧。

但他生气地回到家中，因为他一直碰不到球。他的笨拙是否是自闭症的一部分？或者，我们可以做些什么来帮助他？



Thisweek’s “Got Questions?” answer is by occupational therapist AlisonWheeland, a University of Southern California doctoral studentcompleting her residency with

Autism Speaks.

这周的“有问必答”答案由职业理疗师南加州大学的博士生AlisonWheeland给出，他在‘AutismSpeaks’完成了他的医学见习。



Thatsounds so frustrating for your son!  You’re rightthat clumsiness is a common symptom of autism. But there are waysto help.

这个听起来确实是让你儿子非常沮丧的事情！您想的没错，笨拙是自闭症的一种普遍症状。但还是有办法可以改善。



Fromwhat you describe, it’s possible that your son is struggling withdyspraxia. “Praxis” is the three-part process of figuring out whatyou want to do (ideation) and

how to make your body do it (motorplanning) and then performing the action (execution).

根据您的描述中，您的儿子很可能正面临着发展性协调障碍。‘实践’是分三步完成的，弄清楚想做什么（意念），怎么控制你的身体（计划），和实现相应的动作（执行）。



Dyspraxiainvolves difficulty with one or more of these steps.

‘发展性协调障碍’患者往往很难完成其中的一步，或是几步。



Manypeople with dyspraxia have trouble learning physical skills such askicking a ball. They may likewise struggle with everyday tasks thatrequire coordination. For

example, putting on clothes and tyingshoes. A tendency to bump into or trip over things? That can bedyspraxia, too. It’s also common for children with dyspraxia

toavoid playing with new toys because they can’t figure outhow.

许多患有‘发展性协调障碍’的人在学习运动技巧（比如，踢球）时都会遇到障碍。对于一些需要协调性的日常活动，他们也可能存在障碍。比如，穿衣和穿鞋。很容易发生碰撞或被绊倒。

这也属于‘发展性协调障碍’。对于患有‘发展性协调障碍’的儿童，他们也会逃避接触新的玩具因为他们不明白怎样玩。



Dyspraxiaand autism

‘发展性协调障碍’和自闭症



Why isdyspraxia common in people with autism? Dyspraxia is related toproblems with sensory processing. And sensory difficulties areamong autism’s core symptoms. When

your sensory system isn’tworking properly, your body doesn’t get the feedback it needs fromthe environment. This feedback is what helps your body sense whatto do and

how to do it.

为什么‘发展性协调障碍’普遍存在于自闭症患者中。‘发展性协调障碍’和‘感觉统合’困难有关。这种‘感觉’困难是自闭症的主要症状之一。感觉系统如果不能正常工作，身体就不能

从周围环境中得到它需要的反馈。这种反馈会为身体感知做什么和怎么做提供导向。



Dyspraxiaand your senses

‘发展性协调障碍’和感知



Researchsuggests that dyspraxia is related to problems with the followingsenses in particular:

研究表明：‘发展性协调障碍’和以下几种感官尤其相关。



Tactile.This is your sense of touch. It includes light touch, deeppressure, pain, temperature and vibration. Many people who havedifficulty with tactile processing

tend to drop things, bump intothings and knock things over without realizing it. They may beunaware when there’s food on their faces or their clothing iscrooked.

触觉，即触摸感觉，它包括轻触，深压，疼痛，温度和震动。许多触觉有问题的人们很容易摔掉东西，撞上物体，不自知的磕碰到东西。他们很可能意识不到他们脸上残留有食物或者他们的

衣服歪掉了。



Proprioception.This is your sense of your body’s position in space. Recall whatit’s like to have your leg fall asleep. You can still walk, but youhave to look at

your leg to tell where it is. In a sense, that’s anextreme form of dyspraxia. More typical examples of proprioceptiondifficulty include squeezing a paper cup too hard

or pressing downtoo hard or too lightly with a pencil. It also takes proprioceptionto copy a movement – like kicking a ball – that someone has justdemonstrated for

you.

本体感觉，这是一种感知空间位置的感官。回想一下腿部麻木的感觉。你仍然可以走路，但是你必须看着你的腿来判断它的位置。在某种程度上，他是一种极端的‘发展性协调障碍’。更典

型的本体感觉障碍表现包括过度用力的挤压纸杯，过度用力的写字。同样，模仿行为，例如模仿他人示范的踢球动作，也需要本体感觉。



Vestibular.This is your sense of balance and movement. Your vestibular sensehelps you counterbalance when you start to tip. So poor balance andposture can be signs of

a problem in this area.

前庭觉，是控制平衡与运动的感觉。 你的前庭觉会在你快跌倒的时候帮助你恢复平衡。因此平衡能力较弱和姿势问题预示着这方面可能存在问题。



To get asense of dyspraxia, try cutting a circle while someone else isholding and moving the paper!

想了解什么是运用障碍，试着在别人移动一张纸的时候在上面剪一个圆。



Visual.People with dyspraxia often use their sight to compensate fordifficulty processing the above senses. To illustrate, imaginecutting a circle of paper. You’d

expect to get feedback from avariety of senses. You feel how far you’ve rotated the paper as youcut it. You feel the angle of the scissors in your hands.

Butindividuals with dyspraxia may depend on their eyes to tell whetherthey’re cutting in the right place. To get a feel for what I mean,try cutting out a circle while

someone else is holding and movingthe paper! 视觉。有运用障碍的人经常会运用视觉来弥补以上感觉带来的问题。举个例子，想象一下你要用纸剪一个圆。你会期待可以得到各个感官的

反馈。你能感觉到在你剪纸的时候是如何旋转纸张的。你能感受得到手中剪刀的角度。但是有运用障碍的个人可能会依赖他们的眼睛来判断是否他们剪得正确。 要理解我所说的话，尝试在别

人拿着并且旋转的纸上剪一个圈。



Overcomingdyspraxia

克服运用障碍



Occupationaltherapy focuses on helping people participate in life’s importantactivities. And it certainly sounds like being able to play withhis friends is a really

important “occupation” for yourson.

职业理疗重点在于让人们参与到生活中的重要活动中。这听起来就像是把能够和自己的朋友玩耍当成是你儿子的一份十分重要的职业。



Toaddress dyspraxia, many occupational therapists use a sensoryintegration approach. In short, sensory integration is a physicallyactive therapy that can improve

sensory functioning. The sensoryintegration approach uses fun and motivating activities that engagemultiple senses. It’s the therapist’s job to adapt the

intensityand amount of sensory input to just the right level for eachperson. (For more information, see my previous blog post: “SensoryIntegration: Changing the Brain

through Play.”)

针对运用障碍，很多职业理疗师采用的是感官综合治疗法。简而言之，感官综合治疗是一种主动的生理理疗，它可以加强感官功能。这种治疗法中进行的活动趣味性强、能调动人的积极性、

并且需要多个感官系统的同时参与。在治疗过程中，针对个人的具体情况去调整感官输入的强度和量是理疗师的职责。（更多信息请阅读我以前的博客：“感官综合： 通过玩耍改变大脑”。

）



Thisapproach may help your son gain a better sense of his body andwhat’s around him. A good occupational therapist will carefullyincrease the difficulty of activities

to challenge his posture andthe timing, precision and force of his movements.

这个方法能帮助你的儿子更好地感知自己的身体和周围大的世界。一个好的职业理疗师将会仔细增加活动的难度，从而挑战他对姿势与时间点， 准确度与力量的把握。



Forexample: Your son might first learn to line up his foot to kick theball, then time his kick with a moving ball and then aim the ballat a target.

比如说：你的孩子会先学会先把脚并成一排来踢球，然后算好他什么时候把移动的球踢出，最后才将球对准一个目标踢出。



If yourson has trouble problem-solving his way through certain movements,the OT can focus on the “ideation” and “motor planning” steps ofthe process. She’ll help

your son come up with ways to use his bodyand interact with objects. This might include making an obstaclecourse and figuring out how to get through it. The next step

mightbe kicking a ball through the obstacle course!

如果你的孩子通过具体的活动解决了身体活动上的问题，理疗师就把重点转到这个过程中的“构思能力”和“运动计划”阶段。她会帮助你的儿子学会如何利用他的身体并与物体进行互动。

这个可能还包括设置一个障碍道并找到跨越障碍的方法。而下一步就可能是越过障碍道踢到球！



Whatimprovements might you see over the course of days, weeks andmonths? You may see your son moving with more awareness,coordination, attention or organization. As a

consequence, he mayfeel less anxious and frustrated. You may also see improvements inself-confidence, social participation and learning. Since everyonewith dyspraxia

is unique, your child’s symptoms, therapy andoutcomes will be highly personal.

那么在几天，几个月，甚至几年的时间里，你会看到孩子什么样的进步呢？ 你会看到你的儿子的身体活动更受意识控制，协调力、注意力和组织力也在提高。最后，他会不再焦虑与绝望。你

会发现他变得更自信，社交能力和学习能力也有所提高。因为每个有行动障碍的人的情况都各不相同，你的孩子的症状，理疗方法和结果也与别人不同。



Findingtreatment

寻找治疗



If yourson has an Individualized Education Plan at school, you can askthat he be evaluated for occupational therapy services with someoneskilled in sensory integration

work. I also suggest seeing ifoccupational therapy is covered under your health insurance. If so,your son’s primary-care doctor could provide areferral.、

如果你的孩子在学校有“个人教育计划”,你可以咨询一下能否对他进行评估，以接受专业感觉整合理疗师的职业理疗。你可以再了解一下这样的职业理疗是否包括在你的医疗保险中。如果可

以，你的儿子的私人保健医生就能出示相关证明。



Goodluck to your son in his endeavors on the soccer field and on theplayground!

祝你的儿子在他的足球场上和运动场上好运。

对本文的特别申明: 由于我们的医学专业知识和翻译水平有限，译文可能会有瑕疵，欢迎大家提出宝贵的意见和建议，以便帮助豆苗计划翻译小组更好地开展工作。

翻译：牛      

复核：ゼ~SUNNY~ザ   


转自：新浪微博 @ 豆苗计划志愿者联盟关爱自闭症

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