【豆苗翻译】帮助家长识别自闭症儿童的读写障碍

自闭症新闻

Parents Seek HelpRecognizing Dyslexia in Child with Autism

帮助家长识别自闭症儿童的读写障碍

来源：http://www.autismspeaks.org/blog ... slexia-child-autism

Friday,November 22, 2013View Comments

2013年11月22日星期五

“How earlyis too early to recognize dyslexia in a child withautism?”

孩子多大前判定阅读障碍为时过早？



Today’s “GotQuestions?” answer is from Micah Mazurek, a clinical psychologistin the Thompson Center for Autism & NeurodevelopmentalDisorders. The Thompson Center is a member of the Autism SpeaksAutism Treatment Network (AS-ATN), and Dr. Mazurek serves as theco-chair of the AS-ATN Behavioral Science Committee.

今天问题的答案来自汤普森自闭症和神经发育疾病研究中心临床心理学家MicahMazurek。汤普森研究中心归属于自闭症治疗系统，MicahMazurek担任其行为科学委员会联合主席。



This is areally great question – and one that many parents and professionalshave. Before answering it directly, I’d like to provide somebackground on dyslexia.

这是个很好的问题，也是许多家长和专家存在的疑问。在回答它之前，我想介绍一下读写障碍。



Dyslexiaaffects approximately four to ten children in a hundred. The termrefers to difficulties with the basic components of reading. Thisincludes problems with decoding (sounding out words) and readingwords quickly and accurately. For children with dyslexia, theseskills are much lower than would be expected for their age andintellectual ability. The related terms “reading disorder” and“specific learning disorder” include broader reading and learningdifficulties. For some children, these may include problems withreading comprehension, or understanding the meaning of words andsentences.

在100个自闭症患儿中，大约会有4-10个儿童患有读写障碍。读写障碍是指完成不同的阅读阶段时存在困难，包括解码（从文字信息解码出声音信息）困难以及不能快速而准确地阅读文字。读写障碍儿童在这些方面的能力低于同龄儿童的平均水平。与读写障碍相关的“阅读障碍”和“特殊学习障碍”包括更广泛的阅读和学习困难。对于一些孩子来说，这可能涉及到阅读理解、以及理解句子和词语的意义的困难。



On a verybasic level, dyslexia involves problems in “phonologicalawareness.” This refers to the ability to recognize the roles thatsounds play in speech. So it includes detecting rhyming words andthe beginning and ending sounds of words. It also includes beingaware of smaller sound units such as syllables and “phonemes” – thesmallest sound units. Children with dyslexia struggle with basicphonological processing, and this hampers their development ofearly reading skills.

最基本的读写困难包括语音意识的困难，这指的是在讲话中辨别声音的能力，因此，它包含检测押韵的字词以及字词的开头和结尾，也包括对更小的声音单元的意识，如音节和“音素”——声音的最小单元。读写困难的儿童很难进行基本的语音加工，这阻碍了早期阅读技能的发展。



When doesdyslexia become apparent?

读写障碍在多大时才能发现？



Manychildren begin to develop phonological awareness during thepreschool years. At that time, they begin to understand that wordsare separate units. They also begin to understand how groups ofsounds can work together. Most children can recognize rhyming wordsby kindergarten. Through first grade, they learn to detectbeginning word sounds and blend sounds, as well as isolate soundsin words.

许多孩子在学前阶段开始发展语音意识，这时他们开始理解字词是分为几个单元的。他们此时也开始学会如何将组合声音才是合理的。大多数儿童在幼儿园之前就可以识别押韵的字词，到一年级时开始学习字音、混音以及字词中的单个音节。



So earlyelementary school tends to be the critical time to notice andidentify problems in key reading skills – which may indicatedyslexia. When parents or teachers have such persistent concerns,they should contact a psychologist or neuropsychologist for acomprehensive evaluation. Other members of the evaluation team mayinclude a speech-language pathologist and educationalspecialists.  The results of the evaluation shouldguide the development of a highly personalized intervention planfor the child.

因此，小学前期是识别主要阅读技能障碍即读写障碍的关键时期。当老师或家长有此类疑虑的话，应该联系心理学家或神经心理学家做全面的评估。评估组其他成员包括语音语言病理学家和教育专家。评估结果可以为制定个性化干预方案提供指导。



We stillhave a lot to learn about reading skills in children with autism.However, research to date suggests that children with autism arenot at increased risk for dyslexia.

In fact,many children with autism have excellent basic reading skills. Someeven have what we call “hyperlexia.” They learn to read at veryearly ages without being taught. However, many children with autism– even those with very advanced single-word reading skills – areweak in reading comprehension. In other words, they may be quicklyand accurately reading words without understanding what they’rereading.

我们仍需要进一步了解自闭症儿童的阅读技能。然而，研究数据表明自闭症儿童患读写障碍的几率并不会比正常儿童高。事实上，许多自闭症儿童的基本阅读能力都很好，一些甚至表现出高读症，他们在很小的时候，没有人教就可以阅读。然而，许多自闭症儿童——即使是那些单字阅读能力很强的儿童——在阅读理解方面表现较弱。也就是说，他们能够快速且准确地阅读文字但是不能理解自己阅读的内容。



Because manychildren with autism have problems with reading comprehension, it’sespecially important to help them to focus on understanding whatthey read. Parents can foster this skill by asking questions anddiscussing what they think about something they’ve read with theirchild.

由于许多自闭症儿童在阅读理解中存在困难，因此帮助他们理解阅读内容非常重要。家长可以通过围绕阅读内容进行提问和讨论的方式来培养孩子的这种能力。



In general,we want to be helping these children make connections between whatthey read and what they know. With your own child, I encourage youto choose books that connect to life experiences. Most of all –make it fun!

总体来看，我们希望帮助这些儿童在所读内容和其传达的知识间建立一种联系。对于家长来说，我们鼓励你选择与日常生活经验有关的书籍。最重要的是——让这个过程充满乐趣。



Thank youfor your question. I hope we can keep learning more about how tohelp children with autism become successful readers.



感谢大家的提问。我希望我们继续探索帮助自闭症儿童更好地阅读的方法。

对本文的特别申明: 由于我们的医学专业知识和翻译水平有限，译文可能会有瑕疵，欢迎大家提出宝贵的意见和建议，以便帮助豆苗计划翻译小组更好地开展工作。






豆苗翻译小组

翻译：婉鸢   

复核：F.R*   

转自：新浪微博 @ 豆苗计划志愿者联盟关爱自闭症


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