你们可以帮助我吗？

Ellaclarke

大家好！ 我叫艾拉，我十七岁。我是一个澳大利亚的学生。我现在学习社会文化学，做一个很重要的功课关于 自闭症中国的看法。我有一些问题：
1。你们对自闭症有什么经历？

2。在中国你觉得自闭症是一个人们避而不谈的话题吗？
3。你告诉你的朋友你的孩子有自闭症吗？
4。你觉得中国社会为自闭症人提供足够的社会服务吗？
5。你觉得在中国人们对自闭症的看法如何吗？
请帮助我，发给我回答！
不好意思我的中文不太好！
谢谢！

孤独症治疗中心

艾拉你好，非常高兴你能来中国学习，关于你的功课，我或许能帮到你。
1.在中国，自闭症孩多数经历过被劝退。
2.在中国，自闭症被当作疾病来看待，因此会避而不谈。
3.在中国，自闭症孩子的家长是不会告诉朋友的。
4.在中国，自闭症儿童或超百万，缺乏社会保障（北京政策自闭症儿康复年享千元补助）。2006年我国将自闭症列为精神残疾，自闭症者被纳入相关的保障体系，但由于我国残疾人的社会福利和保障水平整体不高，许多自闭症者及家庭的处境仍非常艰难。一些机构的训练费用大多在2000元以上，一些训练效果好的机构费用将近四千，而且需排队才能进入。
5.在中国，虽然自闭症儿童可以进入培智学校中，但人们视自闭症儿童如弱智、脑瘫儿童般对待，没有进行针对性训练，因此错过了治疗以致终生残障。
附上自闭症文章一篇，希望对你有所帮助。
中文学名：孤独症 （自闭症）
　　　　英文学名：Autism　　
　　　　少儿的自闭症是现代社会中发病率越来越高、越来越为人所重视的一种精神和心理上的疾病。症状主要表现为，孩子不愿和人交流，整天沉迷于自己的世界，多数孩子不开口说话，生活自理能力差，学习有明显障碍，接触新鲜事物的欲望和能力较弱等等，严重的还会有自残或暴力的倾向。据专家的解释，这种病病因不明，无从知晓，它既不是先天的，也和后天的教育无关，而且至今也没有完全得到治愈的病例。应该说这是一个近几年才被人们正视的一个病，过去也有，但相对现在而言较少。仅有万分之五的发病率。
　　　　该病男女发病率差异显著，在我国男女患病率比例为6—9：1。　　
　　　　自闭的多数是男孩。而且他们总有着自己奇特的世界。。我们不知道怎样开启属于他们奇特的本领
　　自闭症的基本特征
　　　　一般而言，患有自闭症的儿童在三岁前会出现的基本特征有下列三方面：
　　　　（一）社交发展方面：
　　　　对外界事物不感兴趣，不大察觉别人的存在；
　　　　与人缺乏目光接触，未能主动与人交往，分享或参与活动；
　　　　在群处方面，模仿力较弱，未能掌握社交技巧，缺乏合作性；
　　　　想象力较弱，极少通过玩具进行象征性的游戏活动。
　　　　（二）沟通方面：
　　　　语言发展迟缓和有障碍，说话内容，速度，及音调异常；
　　　　对语言理解和非语言沟通有不同程度的困难；
　　　　可能欠缺口语沟通的能力。
　　　　（三）行为方面：
　　　　在日常生活中，坚持某些行事方式和程序，拒绝改变习惯和常规，并 且不断重复一些动作；
　　　　兴趣狭窄，会极度专著于某些物件，或对物件的某些部分或某些特定 形状的物体特别感兴趣。
　　　　此外，患有自闭症的儿童也有可能有下列相关的特征：
　　　　（一）感知模式：
　　　　对某些声音，颜色，食物或光线会产生焦躁不安或强烈的反应；
　　　　对冷，热，痛楚的反应很弱，所以对危险行为缺乏警觉及适当的反应；
　　　　会不断转动身体或用异常的方法探索物件，把自己沉迷在某种感官刺激中。
　　　　（二）发展方面：
　　　　大约有百分之三十的智力发展正常，百分之七十智能发展迟缓或者智商会在七十或以下；
　　　　在各方面能力的发展不平均，而且发展过程和一般儿童有差别。
　　　　（三）情绪及行为方面：
　　　　由于沟通上有困难，加上未能适应转变，所以比较容易受情绪或环境因素刺激，表现冲动或有伤害性的行为。
　　　　（四）生活习惯：
　　　　会抗拒某种味道，颜色或未曾吃过的食物，因而形成严重的偏食行为；
　　　　会有难以入睡的情况。
　　　　（五）强项和兴趣：
　　　　部分患者可能会有异常的记忆力；
　　　　在个人兴趣和技能方面可能有特别超卓的表现。
　　　　（六）社交方面：
　　　　甚少与别人有目光接触，也不会注意别人的表情和情绪变化，更难从别人的言语，行为推断别人的想法，意愿和意图或理解别人的感受。
　　　　有时候会有不恰当的情感表现和社交行为，例如在别人不开心时大笑，在某些场合说些不恰当的话，或未能与人分享快乐。
　　自闭症的成因
　　　　一、遗传的因素
　　　　20%的自闭症患者中，他的家族可找到有智能不足、语言发展迟滞和类 似自闭症的。此外，自闭症男童中约10%有X染色体脆弱症。
　　　　二、怀孕期间的病毒感染
　　　　妇女怀孕期间可能因德国麻疹或有流行性感冒等病毒感染，使胎儿的 脑部发育受损伤而导致自闭症。
　　　　三、新陈代谢疾病
　　　　如苯酮尿症等先天的新陈代谢障碍，造成脑细胞的功能失调和障碍， 会影响脑神经讯息传递的功能，而造成自闭症。
　　　　四、脑伤
　　　　包括在怀孕期间窘迫性流产等因素而造成大脑发育不全，生产过程中早产、难产、新生儿脑伤，以及婴儿期因感染脑炎、脑膜炎等疾病造 成脑部伤害等因素，都可能增加自闭症机会。　　　　　　　
　　其实他们比起自我封闭的人真的难沟通1000000000倍。。因为根本很难接触到他们的世界。
不好意思我的英文不太好！祝你在中国学习愉快～

孤独症治疗中心

Hello Ella, I'm so glad you could come Chinese learning, on your homework, I might be able to help you.
1 in the Chinese, autistic children most experienced was quantui.
2 in the China, autism is used as a disease to treat, so will keep from talking about.
3 in the China, parents of autistic children is not telling a friend.
4 in the China, children with autism or ultra million, lack of social security (Beijing policy autism rehabilitation year enjoy the thousand yuan subsidy). In 2006, our country will autism as mental disabilities, autism was incorporated into the relevant security system, but due to the overall social welfare and social security level of the disabled people in China is not high, many people with autism and family situation is still very difficult. Some institutions training costs are in 2000 yuan of above, some good training effect of the agency costs nearly four thousand, but also the need to queue up to enter the.
5 in the Chinese, although you can enter the school of mentally retarded children with autism, but regarded as retarded autistic children, children with cerebral palsy treated like, no targeted training, thus missed treatment that lifelong disability.
Attach the autism article, and I hope to help you.
Chinese Name: Autism (autism)
English Name: Autism
Edit this paragraph summary
Autistic children in modern society is the incidence rate is increasing, more and more as a kind of spiritual and psychological people focus on disease. Main symptoms, the children do not want to communicate with others, the day indulging in their own world, most children do not speak, poor self-care ability, learning has obvious obstacles, and so on contact with fresh things of desire and ability weak tendency, but also serious suicide and violence. According to the experts explain, the etiology of this disease is unknown, unknown, it is not innate, but also independent and education, and still do not fully get cured cases. It should be said that this is a recent years for people to face up to a disease, also has in the past, but now less relative. Only 5/10000 of the incidence of a disease.
The disease incidence was significantly different between male and female, male and female prevalence ratio in China is 6 - 9:1.
Most of the boys with autism. And they always have their own strange world.. We don't know how to open their peculiar ability
The basic features of autism
Generally speaking, with the basic characteristics of autistic children will appear before the age of three are the following three aspects:
(a) the social development:
Not interested in things outside, not aware of the existence of others;
The lack of eye contact with people, to communicate with others actively, share or activity;
Place in the group, imitation is weak, unable to grasp the social skills, lack of cooperation;
Imagination is weak, rarely by the symbolic games toys.
(two) communication:
Delayed language development and disorders, speech content, speed, and abnormal tone;
There are different levels of difficulty in understanding of language and non language communication;
May lack verbal communication skills.
(three) behavior:
In daily life, adhere to certain practices and procedures, refused to change the habits and practices, and to repeat some action;
Narrow interests, will be extremely Monographs on certain objects, or some part of the object or some specific shape of the objects of special interest.
In addition, children with autism may also have the following related features:
(a) mode of perception:
The color of certain sounds, food or light, will produce a strong reaction or restless;
On the cold, heat, pain response is weak, so the lack of awareness of risk behaviors and appropriate response;
Will continue to turn the body or objects with unusual ways to explore, indulge yourself in some sensory stimulation.
(two) development:
There are about thirty percent normal intellectual development, seventy percent intelligence development retardation or IQ at seventy or below;
Capacity development in all aspects of the development process and the general average, and children have different.
(three) the emotion and behavior:
The communication difficulties, coupled with failure to adapt to change, it is easier to emotional stimuli or environmental factors, performance or harmful impulsive behavior.
(four) the living habits:
Will resist a taste, color, or have not eaten, resulting in a serious eclipse behavior;
The situation will be difficult to sleep.
(five) strengths and interests:
Some patients may have abnormal memory;
In the personal interests and skills may be particularly outstanding performance.
(six) social aspects:
Very little eye contact with others, will not pay attention to other people's facial expressions and emotional changes, more difficult words from others, the behavior of others infer ideas, desires and intentions or understand the feelings of others.
Sometimes there will be inappropriate emotional expression and social behavior, such as in others not happy laugh, say something inappropriate words in some occasions, or fails to share the joy with others.
The causes of autism
A, genetic factors
20% of autistic patients, his family can be found in mental retardation, language development retardation and similar autism. In addition, autistic boy about 10% disease in fragile X syndrome.
Two, the virus infection during pregnancy
Women during pregnancy may be due to German measles or influenza virus infection, make fetal brain development caused by injury of autism.
Three, The new supersedes the old. disease
Such as phenylketonuria and other The new supersedes the old. disorder congenital, causing brain cell dysfunction and disorder, affect the brain's neural information transmission function, and the cause of autism.
Four, brain injury
Included in the pregnancy distress abortion causes cerebral dysgenesis, premature delivery, dystocia, in the production process of brain injury of neonatal and infant, due to infection of encephalitis, meningitis and other diseases caused brain damage and other factors, may increase the chance of autism.
In fact, they compared with self closed one really difficult to communicate 1000000000 times.. Because it is very difficult to come into contact with their world.
I feel shy English not too good!I wish you a happy learning in China ~

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