自闭症外孙因吃饭脏乱被嘲笑

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Food for Thought:Grandson Has Autism, Gets Teased for Messy Eating

关于食物的思考：外孙有自闭症，并因为吃饭脏乱而被嘲笑

来源：http://www.autismspeaks.org/blog ... teased-messy-eating



Friday, February 28, 2014

2014年2月28日星期五



“Ourgrandson, who has Asperger syndrome, has difficulty getting foodneatly into his mouth. No matter what we say, he seems obliviouswhen it ends up on his face. And it gets him teased and avoided atschool. How can we help him?”

“我的外孙患了阿斯伯格综合症，因此他很难整洁地吃东西。不管我们说什么，他似乎都没有注意到食物竟在他脸上。这让他在学校里常常被嘲笑和回避。我们可以怎么帮助他？”



Today’s“Food for Thought” answer is from child psychologist Lauren Elder,Autism Speaks assistant director for dissemination science, andoccupational therapist Alison Wheeland, a University of SouthernCalifornia doctoral student completing her residency with AutismSpeaks.

今天“关于食物的思考”的答案来自儿童心理学家LaurenElder（自闭症研究中心传播科学的助理主管），职业治疗师AlisonWheeland（在自闭症研究中心任住院医师的南加州大学医学生）。



This is atricky situation!  We definitely don’t want himgetting teased when he could learn to eat more neatly. This is animportant skill, especially as he gets a bit older and starts tothink about dates and job interviews. It may take some time, buthere are some tips that may help.

这是一个棘手的情况。他可以学习吃得更整洁，而不是被人嘲笑。这是一个很重要的技能，特别是当他年龄更大一些，开始思考约会和工作面试时。这或许会花一些时间，但是以下是一些可能有帮助的建议。



1.      Use a mirror. When he’s at home, havehim eat in front of a mirror. This can help him become aware whenfood’s on his face – as well as when he’s eating neatly.

1. 使用镜子。在家时，让他在镜子前吃饭。这会帮助他意识到有食物在脸上——以及什么时候他是在整洁地用餐。



2. Try anonverbal cue. This strategy can help your grandson when he’s inpublic and a mirror isn’t appropriate. Sit where he can see youwhile he’s eating. Each time food ends up on his face, gently tapyour face to indicate where it is. Let him know that this is hiscue to wipe his face. When you’re not around, a parent, sibling ortrusted friend can provide the cue.

2.试试非口头提示。当你的外孙在公共场合、镜子不太适用时，这个策略可以帮助他。吃饭时，你坐在他可以看到的地方。每次有食物到他脸上，轻拍你的脸以指出食物在哪儿。让他知道这是提醒他擦脸的信号。当你不在旁边时，父／母、兄弟姐妹或者值得信任的朋友都可以提示。



3. Make iteasier to eat neatly. Encourage your grandson to take smallerbites. If you’re packing his lunch, pack less-messy foods like adry turkey sandwich and carrot sticks. This isn’t a long-termsolution since you want him to learn to eat all foods neatly. Butit can reduce the teasing at school while he’s learning to beneater.

3.让整洁的用餐更加简单。鼓励你的外孙咬小口一些。如果你在装他的午饭，装不太散乱的食物，比如说干火鸡三明治和胡萝卜条。这并不算是一个长期解决方案，因为你想让他学会如何整洁地进食任何食物。但是这能缓解在学校被嘲笑的情况，同时帮助他习得整洁用餐的方法。



4. Instill aroutine. Until your grandson masters eating neatly, encourage himto use a napkin to wipe his face at regular intervals. Make itspecific – such as a wipe every five bites.

4.制定日行惯例。鼓励你的外孙吃饭间隔定时用纸巾擦脸，直到他学会如何整洁用餐。惯例应详细具体——如每进食五口，擦拭一次。



5. Help himunderstand. At this point, your grandson may not appreciate whyeating neatly is important. Try writing a social story thatexplains why it’s important. Include a picture that includessomeone with food on his or her face. The story might continue withthe person learning to take smaller bites and regularly wiping hisor her face with a napkin.(For help withwriting social stories, see the Autism Speaks ATN/AIR-P VisualSupports Tool Kit.)

5.帮助他理解。在这个时候，你的外孙可能不能理解为什么整洁进食很重要。试着写一个社会故事来解释为什么这很重要，并包含一张一个人有食物在脸上的图片。这个故事可以拓展为：照片里的人学着改为小口进食，并定时用纸巾擦脸。



6. Providemotivation. Consider a reward system, where your grandson gets asmall reward for eating neatly. Make sure to set small, achievablegoals. For example, begin by providing the reward when he remembersto wipe his face or eats a meal even a little more neatly than lasttime. You can up the ante over time.

6.提供动力。想一个奖励制度：当整洁进食时，他可以获得一个小奖品。确保制定小的、可以达到的目标。比如说，当他记得擦脸或者吃饭比上一次要干净一些时，就给出奖品。慢慢地，你可以提高要求。



7. Gently“wake up” the sense of touch on his face before he eats. Manyindividuals with autism are under-responsive to touch. If yougrandson doesn’t mind you touching his face, make a game out of thefollowing exercise: Use the base of your palms to apply gentle butfirm pressure to the top of both cheeks, then slide your palms downtoward his mouth, making a “squishy face. Your grandson can learnto do this himself, but make sure he understands that the routineis something he does in private. You don’t want it to result infurther teasing. Also, don’t push this routine if he finds ituncomfortable.

7.在吃饭前，轻轻在他的脸上“唤醒”触感。很多自闭症患者对触摸都没什么反应，如果你的外孙不介意你摸他的脸，试试做下面的游戏：用你的手掌底部在他的两边脸颊施以温和但坚实的压力，然后把你的手掌向嘴巴滑，做成一个“压扁的脸”。你的外孙可以自己学着做这个动作，但是确保他明白这是在私底下才会做的事。你不会想因此造成更多的嘲笑发生。并且，如果他觉得不舒服的话，不要强迫实行游戏。



8. Keep alog. You may gain insights into your grandson’s eating issues bytaking notes of when he gets particularly messy and when he tendsto eat more neatly. Does he get messier when he’s tired? Anxious?Starving? Around his friends? Does it carry over to otheractivities, like brushing his teeth, or cleaning his hands? Does itjust happen around the mouth? His entire face? His hands and bodytoo?

8.日志记录。记下他吃饭非常脏乱，或稍干净些的时刻，从中更深入了解到他的吃饭问题。他何时吃饭会更脏乱？劳累，焦急，饥饿，有朋友在场时？这也存在于其他行为中吗？如刷牙，洗手？只是嘴巴很脏，还是脸上也有？手和身上也有吗？



It may bethat he’s really not noticing when food’s on his face. Or he mayhave trouble aiming his hand at the right place to wipe it off?Once you start noticing patterns, you may come up with morestrategies to help him. If your grandson sees an occupationaltherapist, your log can also help the therapist identifysensory-processing and motor-coordination issues and help your sonaddress them.

可能他真的没有注意到有食物在脸上。或者他擦脸时很难找到对的位置？一旦你注意到规律，就能想出更多的帮助方法。如果你的外孙去看职业治疗师，你的日志记录也能够帮助治疗师辨别感官处理和行动协调上的问题，以帮助孩子解决。



Thank youagain for your question, which we know is a common one. We wish youand your grandson all the best.



再次感谢你的问题。这也是常常出现的一个问题。祝福你和你的外孙一切都好。



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复核：刘玘-67   

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